Microarray patches for managing infections at a global scale.

Since the first patent for micro array patches (MAPs) was filed in the 1970s, research on utilising MAPs as a drug delivery system has progressed significantly, evidenced by the transition from the simple 'poke and patch' of solid MAPs to the development of bio responsive systems such as hydrogel-forming and dissolving MAPs. In addition to the extensive research on MAPs for improving transdermal drug delivery, there is a growing interest in using these devices to manage infectious diseases. This is due to the minimally invasive nature of this drug delivery platform which enable patients to self-administer therapeutics without the aid of healthcare professionals. This review aims to provide a critical analysis on the potential utility of MAPs in managing infectious diseases which are still endemic at a global scale. The range of diseases covered in this review include tuberculosis, skin infections, malaria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections and Covid-19. These diseases exert a considerable socioeconomic burden at a global scale with their impact magnified in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Due to the painless and minimally invasive nature of MAPs application, this technology also provides an efficient solution not only for the delivery of therapeutics but also for the administration of vaccine and prophylactic agents that could be used in preventing the spread and outbreak of emerging infections. Furthermore, the ability of MAPs to sample and collect dermal interstitial fluid that is rich in disease-related biomarkers could also open the avenue for MAPs to be utilised as a minimally invasive biosensor for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. The efficacy of MAPs along with the current limitations of such strategies to prevent and treat these infections will be discussed. Lastly, the clinical and translational hurdles associated with MAP technologies will also be critically discussed.

Kajian Kegagalan Kampanye Periklanan Experiential Solidaritas Social Distancing COVID-19 McDonald’S Brazil

Pewaralaba McDonald's Brazil memublikasikan kampanye experiential solidaritas gerakan social distancing untuk menghambat pandemi COVID-19 pada 20 Maret 2020. Awalnya kampanye tersebut mendapat apresiasi positif, namun muncul sejumlah apresiasi negatif dari netizen media sosial global yang mengakibatkan McDonald?s menarik semua materi kampanye tersebut sambil meminta maaf. Kampanye ini dikaji secara deskriptif eksplanatif sebagai sebuah pembelajaran dalam bidang desain komunikasi visual, khususnya perancangan experiential marketing yang memanfaatkan identitas merek. Didapatkan bahwa strategi kampanye yang disusun melalui sejumlah modul pengalaman relevan dengan alasan rasional yang dibangun, akan tetapi tidak membangun empati atau ada kesenjangan pada aspek emosional. Selain itu terdapat kesenjangan informasi atas layanan dengan ekspektasi serta persepsi masyarakat terhadap merek dan kampanye yang dilaksanakan. Pertimbangan relasi antara pemanfaatan elemen identitas dan merek dengan persepsi dan ekspektasi akan kinerja merek harus disusun dan dipetakan dengan jelas sebelum merancang sebuah kampanye dengan strategi experiential marketing.